{
 "year": 2025,
 "source": {
  "name": "FFIEC / CFPB HMDA Data Browser, 2025 snapshot (loan-level LAR data)",
  "url": "https://ffiec.cfpb.gov/data-browser/",
  "primary": true
 },
 "definition": "Subordinate-lien open-end lines of credit (HELOCs), excluding reverse mortgages and business-purpose loans, with a credit decision (originated, approved but not accepted, or denied). Denial rate = denied / decided.",
 "caveats": [
  "HMDA covers lenders above its reporting thresholds; lenders with fewer than 200 open-end lines in each of the two prior years do not report them, so small-lender HELOCs are missing.",
  "Some smaller banks and credit unions are partially exempt and do not report denial reasons; reason shares are among denials with a reason reported.",
  "Lenders report up to four reasons per denial. 'Primary reason' is the first one listed."
 ],
 "heloc": {
  "decided": 1508743,
  "denied": 496355,
  "denial_rate": 32.9,
  "denials_with_reason": 496278,
  "primary_reason": [
   {
    "reason": "Debt-to-income ratio",
    "code": "1",
    "count": 219114,
    "share": 44.2
   },
   {
    "reason": "Credit history",
    "code": "3",
    "count": 123262,
    "share": 24.8
   },
   {
    "reason": "Collateral",
    "code": "4",
    "count": 61011,
    "share": 12.3
   },
   {
    "reason": "Incomplete application",
    "code": "7",
    "count": 44011,
    "share": 8.9
   },
   {
    "reason": "Other",
    "code": "9",
    "count": 36200,
    "share": 7.3
   },
   {
    "reason": "Unverifiable information",
    "code": "6",
    "count": 9943,
    "share": 2.0
   },
   {
    "reason": "Employment history",
    "code": "2",
    "count": 2190,
    "share": 0.4
   },
   {
    "reason": "Insufficient cash",
    "code": "5",
    "count": 528,
    "share": 0.1
   },
   {
    "reason": "Mortgage insurance denied",
    "code": "8",
    "count": 19,
    "share": 0.0
   }
  ],
  "any_reason": [
   {
    "reason": "Debt-to-income ratio",
    "code": "1",
    "count": 247264,
    "share": 49.8
   },
   {
    "reason": "Credit history",
    "code": "3",
    "count": 157138,
    "share": 31.7
   },
   {
    "reason": "Collateral",
    "code": "4",
    "count": 101961,
    "share": 20.5
   },
   {
    "reason": "Other",
    "code": "9",
    "count": 62948,
    "share": 12.7
   },
   {
    "reason": "Incomplete application",
    "code": "7",
    "count": 47411,
    "share": 9.6
   },
   {
    "reason": "Unverifiable information",
    "code": "6",
    "count": 19738,
    "share": 4.0
   },
   {
    "reason": "Employment history",
    "code": "2",
    "count": 6350,
    "share": 1.3
   },
   {
    "reason": "Insufficient cash",
    "code": "5",
    "count": 2295,
    "share": 0.5
   },
   {
    "reason": "Mortgage insurance denied",
    "code": "8",
    "count": 38,
    "share": 0.0
   }
  ],
  "by_dti": [
   {
    "band": "Under 20%",
    "decided": 95842,
    "denial_rate": 30.7
   },
   {
    "band": "20% to 29%",
    "decided": 230464,
    "denial_rate": 17.2
   },
   {
    "band": "30% to 35%",
    "decided": 203207,
    "denial_rate": 17.5
   },
   {
    "band": "36% to 42%",
    "decided": 298798,
    "denial_rate": 17.7
   },
   {
    "band": "43% to 49%",
    "decided": 304369,
    "denial_rate": 21.7
   },
   {
    "band": "50% to 60%",
    "decided": 158726,
    "denial_rate": 47.5
   },
   {
    "band": "Over 60%",
    "decided": 192890,
    "denial_rate": 92.7
   }
  ],
  "by_cltv": [
   {
    "band": "Under 60%",
    "decided": 523457,
    "denial_rate": 29.8
   },
   {
    "band": "60% to 69%",
    "decided": 266528,
    "denial_rate": 26.8
   },
   {
    "band": "70% to 79%",
    "decided": 370651,
    "denial_rate": 26.5
   },
   {
    "band": "80% to 89%",
    "decided": 233725,
    "denial_rate": 32.8
   },
   {
    "band": "90% or more",
    "decided": 73155,
    "denial_rate": 76.0
   }
  ]
 },
 "home_equity_loan": {
  "decided": 870468,
  "denied": 269131,
  "denial_rate": 30.9,
  "denials_with_reason": 269015,
  "primary_reason": [
   {
    "reason": "Debt-to-income ratio",
    "code": "1",
    "count": 81894,
    "share": 30.4
   },
   {
    "reason": "Credit history",
    "code": "3",
    "count": 60415,
    "share": 22.5
   },
   {
    "reason": "Incomplete application",
    "code": "7",
    "count": 52874,
    "share": 19.7
   },
   {
    "reason": "Collateral",
    "code": "4",
    "count": 37144,
    "share": 13.8
   },
   {
    "reason": "Other",
    "code": "9",
    "count": 24815,
    "share": 9.2
   },
   {
    "reason": "Unverifiable information",
    "code": "6",
    "count": 8747,
    "share": 3.3
   },
   {
    "reason": "Employment history",
    "code": "2",
    "count": 1924,
    "share": 0.7
   },
   {
    "reason": "Insufficient cash",
    "code": "5",
    "count": 1178,
    "share": 0.4
   },
   {
    "reason": "Mortgage insurance denied",
    "code": "8",
    "count": 24,
    "share": 0.0
   }
  ],
  "any_reason": [
   {
    "reason": "Debt-to-income ratio",
    "code": "1",
    "count": 93006,
    "share": 34.6
   },
   {
    "reason": "Credit history",
    "code": "3",
    "count": 73131,
    "share": 27.2
   },
   {
    "reason": "Incomplete application",
    "code": "7",
    "count": 55712,
    "share": 20.7
   },
   {
    "reason": "Collateral",
    "code": "4",
    "count": 46125,
    "share": 17.1
   },
   {
    "reason": "Other",
    "code": "9",
    "count": 36465,
    "share": 13.6
   },
   {
    "reason": "Unverifiable information",
    "code": "6",
    "count": 12084,
    "share": 4.5
   },
   {
    "reason": "Employment history",
    "code": "2",
    "count": 3986,
    "share": 1.5
   },
   {
    "reason": "Insufficient cash",
    "code": "5",
    "count": 2512,
    "share": 0.9
   },
   {
    "reason": "Mortgage insurance denied",
    "code": "8",
    "count": 41,
    "share": 0.0
   }
  ],
  "by_dti": [
   {
    "band": "Under 20%",
    "decided": 38930,
    "denial_rate": 37.7
   },
   {
    "band": "20% to 29%",
    "decided": 103883,
    "denial_rate": 19.8
   },
   {
    "band": "30% to 35%",
    "decided": 118837,
    "denial_rate": 18.2
   },
   {
    "band": "36% to 42%",
    "decided": 214394,
    "denial_rate": 17.4
   },
   {
    "band": "43% to 49%",
    "decided": 230670,
    "denial_rate": 21.8
   },
   {
    "band": "50% to 60%",
    "decided": 71789,
    "denial_rate": 59.6
   },
   {
    "band": "Over 60%",
    "decided": 71957,
    "denial_rate": 92.9
   }
  ],
  "by_cltv": [
   {
    "band": "Under 60%",
    "decided": 269392,
    "denial_rate": 32.0
   },
   {
    "band": "60% to 69%",
    "decided": 150127,
    "denial_rate": 27.0
   },
   {
    "band": "70% to 79%",
    "decided": 176919,
    "denial_rate": 29.5
   },
   {
    "band": "80% to 89%",
    "decided": 110239,
    "denial_rate": 36.4
   },
   {
    "band": "90% or more",
    "decided": 149079,
    "denial_rate": 25.9
   }
  ]
 },
 "by_state": {
  "AL": {
   "decided": 20396,
   "denied": 6096,
   "denial_rate": 29.9,
   "top_reason": "Credit history"
  },
  "AK": {
   "decided": 1518,
   "denied": 548,
   "denial_rate": 36.1,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "AZ": {
   "decided": 43372,
   "denied": 13301,
   "denial_rate": 30.7,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "AR": {
   "decided": 9240,
   "denied": 2964,
   "denial_rate": 32.1,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "CA": {
   "decided": 158600,
   "denied": 53861,
   "denial_rate": 34.0,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "CO": {
   "decided": 42021,
   "denied": 12760,
   "denial_rate": 30.4,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "CT": {
   "decided": 18624,
   "denied": 5904,
   "denial_rate": 31.7,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "DE": {
   "decided": 5974,
   "denied": 2055,
   "denial_rate": 34.4,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "DC": {
   "decided": 2115,
   "denied": 909,
   "denial_rate": 43.0,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "FL": {
   "decided": 106982,
   "denied": 43286,
   "denial_rate": 40.5,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "GA": {
   "decided": 47433,
   "denied": 18459,
   "denial_rate": 38.9,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "HI": {
   "decided": 7083,
   "denied": 3128,
   "denial_rate": 44.2,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "ID": {
   "decided": 14580,
   "denied": 4115,
   "denial_rate": 28.2,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "IL": {
   "decided": 49565,
   "denied": 17238,
   "denial_rate": 34.8,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "IN": {
   "decided": 40398,
   "denied": 10762,
   "denial_rate": 26.6,
   "top_reason": "Credit history"
  },
  "IA": {
   "decided": 13474,
   "denied": 2472,
   "denial_rate": 18.3,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "KS": {
   "decided": 9836,
   "denied": 2766,
   "denial_rate": 28.1,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "KY": {
   "decided": 21430,
   "denied": 5979,
   "denial_rate": 27.9,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "LA": {
   "decided": 6931,
   "denied": 2511,
   "denial_rate": 36.2,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "ME": {
   "decided": 7229,
   "denied": 1940,
   "denial_rate": 26.8,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "MD": {
   "decided": 35548,
   "denied": 13926,
   "denial_rate": 39.2,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "MA": {
   "decided": 41545,
   "denied": 13377,
   "denial_rate": 32.2,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "MI": {
   "decided": 53340,
   "denied": 15073,
   "denial_rate": 28.3,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "MN": {
   "decided": 23120,
   "denied": 6315,
   "denial_rate": 27.3,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "MS": {
   "decided": 8081,
   "denied": 2841,
   "denial_rate": 35.2,
   "top_reason": "Credit history"
  },
  "MO": {
   "decided": 22225,
   "denied": 6920,
   "denial_rate": 31.1,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "MT": {
   "decided": 3863,
   "denied": 1078,
   "denial_rate": 27.9,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "NE": {
   "decided": 6730,
   "denied": 1641,
   "denial_rate": 24.4,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "NV": {
   "decided": 13038,
   "denied": 5315,
   "denial_rate": 40.8,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "NH": {
   "decided": 10224,
   "denied": 2914,
   "denial_rate": 28.5,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "NJ": {
   "decided": 52868,
   "denied": 18162,
   "denial_rate": 34.4,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "NM": {
   "decided": 4364,
   "denied": 1428,
   "denial_rate": 32.7,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "NY": {
   "decided": 68769,
   "denied": 26241,
   "denial_rate": 38.2,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "NC": {
   "decided": 68716,
   "denied": 23476,
   "denial_rate": 34.2,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "ND": {
   "decided": 1815,
   "denied": 368,
   "denial_rate": 20.3,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "OH": {
   "decided": 76137,
   "denied": 23168,
   "denial_rate": 30.4,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "OK": {
   "decided": 9046,
   "denied": 2738,
   "denial_rate": 30.3,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "OR": {
   "decided": 25991,
   "denied": 7118,
   "denial_rate": 27.4,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "PA": {
   "decided": 72646,
   "denied": 21740,
   "denial_rate": 29.9,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "RI": {
   "decided": 10099,
   "denied": 3420,
   "denial_rate": 33.9,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "SC": {
   "decided": 20663,
   "denied": 7232,
   "denial_rate": 35.0,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "SD": {
   "decided": 1924,
   "denied": 503,
   "denial_rate": 26.1,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "TN": {
   "decided": 33018,
   "denied": 10412,
   "denial_rate": 31.5,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "TX": {
   "decided": 41451,
   "denied": 19802,
   "denial_rate": 47.8,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "UT": {
   "decided": 28419,
   "denied": 7969,
   "denial_rate": 28.0,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "VT": {
   "decided": 3014,
   "denied": 736,
   "denial_rate": 24.4,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "VA": {
   "decided": 45864,
   "denied": 14305,
   "denial_rate": 31.2,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "WA": {
   "decided": 48211,
   "denied": 15491,
   "denial_rate": 32.1,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "WV": {
   "decided": 3907,
   "denied": 1444,
   "denial_rate": 37.0,
   "top_reason": "Credit history"
  },
  "WI": {
   "decided": 45382,
   "denied": 9581,
   "denial_rate": 21.1,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  },
  "WY": {
   "decided": 1924,
   "denied": 567,
   "denial_rate": 29.5,
   "top_reason": "Debt-to-income ratio"
  }
 }
}